JCE’s estimators compile and analyze data on all factors that can influence construction costs: materials, labor, and location.  After reviewing various preliminary drawings and specifications, the estimator gathers information on access to the site, availability of electricity, water, other services, and surface topography and drainage. A full report of this analysis is included in the final project estimate. JCE then determines the quantity of materials and labor required. This involves completing standard estimating forms, filling in dimensions, number of units, and other information. Also during this process, the estimator must make decisions concerning equipment needs, sequence of operations, and crew size. Allowances for the waste of materials, inclement weather, shipping delays, and other factors that may increase costs also must be incorporated in the estimate. On completion of the quantity surveys, the estimator prepares a total project-cost summary, including the costs of labor, equipment, materials, subcontracts, overhead, taxes, insurance, markup, and any other costs that may affect the project. The chief estimator then prepares the bid proposal for submission. JCE construction cost estimators may also track actual costs relative to bid specifications as the project develops or prepare change order estimates and negotiate change orders with the contractors.